锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟絍锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)史 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷

    锟絏元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1825锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷H.C.锟絎锟斤拷斯锟斤拷(H.C.Oersted)使锟斤拷鉀癸拷锟絉锟絚锟饺伙拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫獲锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟狡得斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1854锟疥法锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷H.锟缴匡拷锟叫狅拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷(H.Sainte Claire Diwill)锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷1865锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷H.H.锟絜锟絇锟叫凤拷(锟斤拷.锟斤拷.锟斤拷锟街кеэ拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷1855锟斤拷锟斤拷没锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖始锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟絏锟侥囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟揭★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟侥發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)(1821锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絗锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟铰礦锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟斤拷取锟絏锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷始锟斤拷1873锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟�(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏始锟斤拷1894锟疥，锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟角拜讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)規(gu锟斤拷)模锟紿每锟斤拷1t锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1900锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(gu锟斤拷)锟饺囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟脚诧拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)9锟絝(w锟斤拷n)t锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷俸秃辖锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟秸猴拷軍锟铰癸拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷?j锟斤拷n)U锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫癸拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟矫碉拷锟斤拷迅锟酵發(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷锟斤拷1950锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷151锟絝(w锟斤拷n)t锟斤拷1996锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2092锟絝(w锟斤拷n)t锟斤拷锟缴烇拷H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟侥第讹拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟秸诧拷锟揭礦锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷始锟斤拷1924锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟剿板本锟斤拷锟桔等岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟絴锟斤拷省锟絴锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷山锟絴省锟斤拷锟絖(t锟斤拷i)锟截區(q锟斤拷)锟侥礬锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷)锟絩锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿猴拷锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟斤拷小貫锟絰锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泉锟斤拷锟絰锟揭榮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痰锟斤拷群锟�(du锟斤拷)山锟絴锟酵诧拷锟截區(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接憋拷锟斤拷山锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟截區(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷山锟斤拷太原锟斤拷锟斤拷山锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)泉锟截區(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷溪锟酵忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟捷烇拷锟截區(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟酵礬锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷)锟絩锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟剿岋拷锟絋锟侥碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟较凤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷始锟斤拷1940锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟介對(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷1942锟斤拷1945锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟揭榮锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷)森锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺猴拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺碉拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏粘锟斤拷锟絍锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟较碉拷y(t锟斤拷ng)锟缴樣癸拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟皆碉拷踏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷探锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角忥拷锟斤拷锟叫囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖始锟侥★拷1953锟斤拷1955锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷冶锟金部和碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺猴拷(du锟斤拷)山锟絴锟酵诧拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鞏縣小锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街滐拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷水锟絕锟斤拷鐘嶺锟饺礦锟絕(q锟斤拷))锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷黔锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍(锟斤拷锟斤拷夕锟斤拷小山锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊V锟絕(q锟斤拷))锟斤拷山锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)泉锟阶硷拷锟絝锟絍锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺等ｏ拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷探锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷缺锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟侥匡拷探锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔(m锟斤拷i)锟叫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷r锟斤拷盲目锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟終聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使1960锟斤拷1962锟斤拷锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟襟部分碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷探锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟芥都锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿硷拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷也一锟铰減锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷1958锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟侥匡拷探锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟侥斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟节达拷锟�锟絶锟絏锟秸诧拷幕锟斤拷A(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟酵匡拷探锟剿诧拷锟劫礦锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟絕锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟较忥拷锟紾院锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷山锟斤拷孝锟絰锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟饺碉拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟絍锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷始锟斤拷1911锟疥，锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絴锟斤拷省锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟捷烇拷锟絏锟絓锟斤拷锟絍锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷1925锟斤拷1941锟斤拷锟街岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絴锟斤拷省锟絴锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷山锟絴锟斤拷锟絖(t锟斤拷i)锟絍锟絕(q锟斤拷)A锟斤拷G锟缴岋拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絖锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟缴讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷1941锟斤拷1943锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟剿岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)山锟絴省锟酵诧拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷蜑锟剿拷V锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟铰礦锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍石锟斤拷锟介煉锟絏原锟较★拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟絖(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絏锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷司也锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)小規(gu锟斤拷)模锟絖锟缴癸拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)模锟絖锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角忥拷锟斤拷锟叫囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟皆猴拷锟絖始锟斤拷锟斤拷1954锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺恢忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷前锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小規(gu锟斤拷)模锟絖锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷山锟絴锟斤拷水锟絍山锟斤拷1958锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷山锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟捷碉拷省锟饺猴拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷501锟斤拷502锟斤拷503锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿滿锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絊锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟捷碉拷省锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿忥拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絍锟斤拷小锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絏锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟絏锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟絏锟絍锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)泉锟絏锟絍锟斤拷锟絏锟絍原锟较伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

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