锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷

    1 前锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟斤拷锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷目前锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫的癸拷锟教诧拷锟斤拷之一锟斤拷锟缴分烇拷锟絏-锟借，锟絬-锟絶锟斤拷锟絏-锟絍锟斤拷锟絏-锟絓锟饺種類ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏-锟斤拷系锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷膽锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絕锟絍锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷車锟斤拷摩锟斤拷車锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸猴拷锟届工锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷艇锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截別锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷支锟杰等結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)匣锟斤拷锟絯锟饺★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷庸锟斤拷锟斤拷秃锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絙锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷處锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟叫的诧拷位锟角非加癸拷锟斤拷锟芥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷皮膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的诧拷位锟角機(j锟斤拷)锟接癸拷锟斤拷锟芥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟斤拷锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟截別锟斤拷锟絏锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭碉拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟较斤拷膹锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿憋拷锟芥精飾加癸拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷某些锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陽極锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟界對锟斤拷Cu2%锟斤拷2.5%Si7.5%锟斤拷12%锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟給論锟藉兓锟疥枠O锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟紺锟藉兓锟疥枠O锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角疤庯拷锟斤拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷匣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角癸拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭碉拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟接癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷O(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)要锟襟，產(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥精飾加癸拷锟酵忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷藝試锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟剿無色锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷藝锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟街烇拷4锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紼:
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫囷拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷诨罨庯拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷蹮o色锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷軝z锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷藝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷→锟筋化處锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)水洗→锟給色锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)水洗→锟斤拷锟斤拷→锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷2.1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷賴锟斤拷鑿�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷前處锟斤拷锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟戒對锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷砂處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤然锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷皮锟斤拷毛锟教等ｏ拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷植诙锟斤拷o锟斤拷锟劫癸拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�70锟斤拷90锟斤拷A锟皆筹拷锟酵革拷锟絞锟斤拷液處锟斤拷锟絤锟杰夛拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟藉潔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟叫非加癸拷锟斤拷锟芥、锟叫斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟接癸拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵革拷锟絞锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟阶匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟斤拷g锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟絕锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭筹拷锟酵革拷锟絞锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟揭無锟斤拷锟劫癸拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藝锟斤拷锟矫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫囷拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷畈ｏ拷锟斤拷鑷婏拷涞斤拷T锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷娌伙拷H锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟酵帮拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷皮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纬锟斤拷S锟斤拷微小锟斤拷A锟轿憋拷锟芥，锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟解線锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟劫癸拷桑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街糙度得碉拷锟斤拷锟紷锟侥革拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷還锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷弑锟斤拷锟斤拷疲锟节夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵憋拷锟芥對锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥わ拷樱锟斤拷锟�全锟組锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)品锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷覀锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟剿囷拷锟借強(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷前處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷茋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷200锟斤拷350mm锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�60锟斤拷70锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒壓锟斤拷5kg/mm2锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷^(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絃锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷2.2锟斤拷锟筋化處锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷跒楸ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥壓锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟狡夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟借強(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟叫活化處锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋化處锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟缴凤拷:
锟斤拷锟斤拷HNO3(d=1.42)锟斤拷锟斤拷60%
锟斤拷锟斤拷HF(40%)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷20%
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭溫活化锟斤拷锟絥锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷1锟斤拷5s
锟斤拷锟斤拷2.3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟借強(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋化處锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給色透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟戒方锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷一:
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒方A:
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絚(Na2Cr2O7)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷3.5g/L
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷(CrO3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷5g/L
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(NaF)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0.5锟斤拷0.8g/L
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截度★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭滐拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷5min
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒方B:
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟�(K2Cr2O7)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0.8锟斤拷lg/L
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(HF40%)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0.25锟斤拷0.5ml/L
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷pH锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2.7锟斤拷3.5
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截度★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷40锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷90s
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒方锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷峁╋拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接和凤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷要锟缴凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟角活化锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接癸拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷須囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷贫锟斤拷叩暮锟斤拷锟斤拷捅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷pH 值要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷稀HNO3锟斤拷NaOH锟斤拷液锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷弋a(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟截度低時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟竭則锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟劫度加匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟截度筹拷锟絕40锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟桔伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟截讹拷锟斤拷25锟斤拷30锟斤拷锟窖★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絏锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷pH 值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟捷伙拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷2.4锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫檢锟介。锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷业锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
5083锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉優(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷
5083锟絏锟较斤拷锟角革拷锟絍锟较斤拷,锟节诧拷锟缴燂拷處锟斤拷锟较斤拷锟叫忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷陽極锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷電伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5083锟较斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷要锟较斤拷元锟截烇拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的匡拷锟絞锟斤拷锟絚锟缴猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟叫等忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷使5083锟较斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷途锟界船锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷車锟斤拷锟絯锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絧軌锟斤拷